Our inner voices. They’re incessant, subtle and ever-present.
Often we’re unaware of the internal dialogues that go on inside of ourselves, the self-talk that plays repetitively like broken records inside our minds. Unfortunately, however, this internal dialogue frequently consists of self-derisive and self-sabotaging thoughts and beliefs about ourselves and our capabilities.
It’s not surprising then, that many of us feel paralyzed and exasperated when we try to self-actualize and self-fulfill ourselves creatively. We can’t seem to accomplish anything without constant internal interjections of criticism, hopelessness, and worry. Our days are garnished with thoughts such as “I’m useless“, “I’m not made for this“, “I could have done that better“. And consequently … we feel exhausted and defeated – by ourselves!
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But we weren’t made to be our own worst enemies. Where does such doubtful and self-defeating negativity come from exactly? And how can we live more self-fulfilled lives?
(Please note: we all have subpersonalities, and not all of them are negative or harmful. Please see our archetypes article for a more bird’s eye perspective.)
Table of contents
The Four Subpersonalities
I first discovered the idea of the Four Subpersonalities 3 years ago, in Edmund Bourne’s book about Anxiety & Phobia . At that time I was struggling to overcome what I believed was a bad case of general and social anxiety. Since then, I have largely overcome this fear by becoming mindful of my negative self-talk – and the Four Subpersonalities that exist in differing degrees in all of us. These Subpersonalities are:
- The Worrier
- The Critic
- The Victim
- The Perfectionist
The one thing these Four Subpersonalities share is the ability to induce anxiety. They voice the different kinds of negative dialogues that occur inside each one of us.
How They Cripple Us
Below is a list of each subpersonality dissected and put under a microscope. Consider this question: which one is the most predominant in you?
The Worrier
Main Function: Promotes anxiety and fear.
Description: This person tends to catastrophize and imagine the worst-case scenarios promoting anxiety, fear and even panic attacks within themselves. They tend to always be on edge, watching for signs of trouble.
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When those signs of trouble arise, the worrier tends to:
- Anticipate the worst.
- Overestimate the chances of something horrible happening.
- Fantasize about the worst possible catastrophes occurring.
Key Expressions: “What if…”
Examples: Typical dialogue includes thoughts like: “What if they hear me stutter and think I’m an idiot – and don’t give me the job?!”, “What if he doesn’t call me, and I feel distraught and shattered?”, “What if I put my work on public display and everyone laughs at me, thinking I’m a failure?”
The Critic
Main Function: Promotes low self-esteem.
Description: This person is extremely judgmental of themselves. They put themselves down constantly for any flaw, limitation, or failure they perceive in themselves. They fall into the mental trap of overemphasizing their weaknesses and filtering out their strengths.
Key Expressions: “Can’t you ever do anything properly?”, “Why do you always do that?”, “That was stupid!”, “Should be…”
Examples: “There are so many flaws in this novel of mine, I’m such a poor writer!”, “B+? I could have done way better!”, “I’m such a weak person compared to _____. I should be better.”
The Victim
Main Function: Promotes depression.
Description: This subpersonality creates helpless and hopeless feelings. It is that part of you that believes you have an inherent defect that makes you unworthy and incapable. It tells you that nothing will ever change, and circumstances are irreversible and incurable. The Victim consequently places obstacles and barriers between themselves and their goals, depriving themselves of self-satisfaction.
Key Expressions: “I’ll never be able to …”, “I can’t”.
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Examples: “It’s too late to do that now … I’m too tired/old/unpracticed/unskilled”, “I’ll never be able to get a pay rise, so what’s the point of trying?”, “I can’t do that – it’s too hard for me”.
The Perfectionist
Main Function: Promotes stress and burnout.
Description: This person constantly pushes themselves to do bigger and better, always telling themselves that they aren’t doing well enough. They derive their self-worth from external achievements, driving themselves with the mantra that they “should do” this or “should be” that. When they fail to do something that doesn’t conform with their high standards, they are intolerant and self-derisive. The Perfectionist does not forgive or forget, creating great pressure and anxiety for themselves.
Key Expressions: “I must”, “I should”, “I have to”.
Examples: “I should be competent – I must get this done well”, “I have to always be selfless and caring”, “I should be the best at this recital – I have to do well”.
How To Free Yourself & Find Self Fulfillment
Which subpersonality was the most dominant in you? It could have been two of them equally – this is normal. Or it could have been just one like me (The Perfectionist).
Now that you have an idea of the Four Subpersonalities, you may be pondering the best course of action. As author Ray Bradbury suggested in his book Zen in the Art of Writing: don’t think – just do! This is one approach that requires no mental action or analysis.
However, some find this approach ambiguous, and as to how it is done, whether through meditation or some other self-prescribed method, is entirely up to your own devices.
There are other ways to counteract the negative self-talk of our subpersonalities. These come with 1) being mindful of your thoughts, and 2) interrupting your thoughts with any of the following questions:
1. Are you being objective?
2. Is this always true?
3. Was this true in the past?
4. Are you looking at the big picture – or simply focusing on the details?
5. What are the objective odds of this happening? Why? Why not?
6. What is the factual evidence for this?
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7. Truthfully, what’s the worst that could happen? Why is this so bad? How would you deal with this?
***
When trying to free yourself from the negativity of your subpersonality/s, the goal is to a) challenge, b) look for evidence, and c) maintain an objective state of mind. The biggest creator of pain is subjectivity. Once you use these 7 questions to challenge your subpersonality/s, you will almost certainly find how little truth your self-limiting talk has in reality.
If this article inspired any thoughts in you, I’d love to hear about them below.
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Personally, I process these emotions through journaling, and if anyone of you are stuck on this type of journaling, you can search for journaling prompts related to negative emotions. “Journal prompts on fear,” “Journal prompts on anxiety,” “Journal prompts on anger,” “Journal prompts on depression,” “Journal prompts on grief,” “Journal prompts on envy,” “Journal prompts on forgiveness,” or anything that comes to mind. You may also find something if you replace journal prompts in the former, and place worksheets instead, such as, “Worksheets on anger.” Just make sure to balance negative journaling with positive journaling. There should be a balance of both after all, but if your journaling is always positive, exploring negative emotions might provide much insight.
Crap.
Subpersonalities are not only negative.
They are also force and joy.
They are all you are as long as you have ego.
And show me a westerner, who is still alive, and who does not have ego. If he says he has not, he is a hypocrit.
Hi Staflin, this article’s focus is on *negative* subpersonalities, however maybe that wasn’t made clear. Our subpersonalities, or inner archetypes, can also be wonderful inner allies, see our article on archetypes for a more positive outlook: https://lonerwolf.com/archetypes-ultimate-guide/
Great article. Talk about synchronicity! I needed to reread this right now. I’m the Critic. My own worse enemy.
I don’t judge others for their mistakes and show compassion yet if I make the same mistakes I beat myself up.
Even those that know me notice that.
I now know this has to do with the way I was raised. An empath with a narcissistic mother (that was something I learned I am and she is recently).
I’m learning to catch myself when I start putting myself down. Is this me or what I was conditioned to think? It actually helps. However, I still fall in that trap since this is a new thing for me.
Thank you ❤
Thanks for reading and sharing Yesenia. I think the fact that you’re even aware of this inner Critic is a good sign! Awareness is key to transformation. All that is needed next is to make self-love a habit (and don’t worry about not being able to do that, we all struggle with it, no need to make that another thing to judge yourself about if you struggle). You’ve got this ♡
love is a reflection of love
♡
I have been struggling to pin point my limiting self talks so that I can be able to know how to move forward but it has been really difficult.
This article has shade light on this. I have realised that I have all the 4 subpersonalities. Woah, that’s a lot but at least it is a heads up on where to start doing the work. Its no wonder I have been dealing with mental health issues for years now.